Economic Justification, Russia Business Regulation and Risk Management in Russian Companies: Limited Liability Company "SSK" [Экономическое обоснование, регулирование бизнеса в России и управление рисками в российской компании: PT. «ССК»]

The Russian government's plan to reduce spending, plan not to extend the stimulus package and have the possibility of raising taxes by 2021 are steps to be taken. One of the objectives of the policy of the Russian Federation is to provide the conditions for complete economic development for all levels of society. This study aims to explain how one company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan is related to increasing corporate liquidity and risk management. This study uses quantitative analysis methods with liquidity analysis approaches and corporate risk assessment. The results of this study explain that a company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan can develop measures to increase corporate liquidity and risk management. The International Monetary Fund also warned that the Russian government's conservative economic policies could impede an immediate recovery especially in the context of the second wave of infections that pushed the country's healthcare system to its limits.


I. INTRODUCTION
Policymakers saw Russia's economic performance as a justification for the stability-focused approach adopted in the years following the annexation of Crimea. They include an oil production agreement with the OPEC cartel to manage prices, build a $ 170 billion sovereign wealth fund, reduce public debt, and "fiscal rules" to cut the vicious circle of low oil prices, and the rapid depreciation of the ruble and the local Flight [1]. Inflation Russia's macroeconomic performance better than most macroeconomics belies the lingering problems the economy has to contend with to get out of the epidemic [2].
In the short term, Russia is stable -low government debt, low external debt, and very high reserves. Elena Rybakova, Deputy Chief Economist at the Institute of International Finance (IIF). The problem is that in the medium term we have all the problems imaginable: the inability to grow. Estimates of what happened after the pandemic confirmed this. The release of vaccines and countries emerging from the corona virus shock, Russia will drop from the top of the economic league table, slipping backwards. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) projected that Japan and Brazil are the only two members of the G20 that will grow at a slower pace than Russia over the next two years [4;18]. Most projections indicate that the Russian economy will not return to the size it was before the spread of the Corona virus for at least another 18 months [3;7].
Beyond that, long-term disadvantages remain. The International Monetary Fund estimates that Russia's growth potential in the medium term is only 1.6% per year -very low for a country with Russian income levels, which was once seen as an exemplary case of a fast-growing 'transitional' economy on track [4]. Correct to catch up. Several European countries have surpassed their standard of living [5].

Theoretical Aspects And Methodology Of The Company's Liquidity And Risk Management Research -Important characteristics of the liquidity and risk management of a company
In conditions of isolation and economic independence, the business entity must always be able to immediately pay its external obligations, namely. to be a solvent or a short-term obligation, namely to be liquid. Liquidity is an economic concept characterized by the ability to convert a company's assets into cash [6;7]. Liquidity can directly determine the level of solvency and creditworthiness of a company. Solvency and creditworthiness are the ability of a company to fulfill its obligations in a timely and full manner to investors and creditors [7;8].
The liquidity of a company's balance sheet is the company's ability to cover its liabilities to creditors with its assets. In the balance sheet liquidity analysis above, the company's assets and liabilities are grouped according to the level of liquidity [9]. The assets are sorted according to their level of acceptability, for example, if the liquidity of an asset is high, the conversion rate into cash will be even greater. And the company's liability items are valued based on their maturity. These assets include [ f. term bills issued by well-known companies.
In order to analyze the liquidity of a company, it is necessary to have a detailed classification of liquidity categories based on various criteria: by level of risk, on a specific date, in relation to standards, etc. The classification of liquidity according to the level of risk is further divided into: a. Liquidity with minimal risk (cash, best-selling financial investments); b. Low risk liquidity (ordinary accounts receivable, inventory and finished goods); c. High risk liquidity (bad debts, finished goods and unsold goods, illiquid assets). e. competent management.

Company Liquidity and Risk Management System
Liquidity is the ability of value to turn into money. During the analysis of the company's liquidity, the following tasks are performed [12]: a. Assessment of the adequacy of funds to cover obligations that have expired in the relevant period; b. determine the amount of liquid assets and check their adequacy to cover urgent liabilities; c. assessment of the company's liquidity and solvency with a number of indicators. d. to develop specific recommendations aimed at a more efficient use of financial resources and increase the solvency of companies.
The analysis of the company's liquidity and solvency is carried out in two stages: The first stage is the grouping of balance sheet assets at the time of transformation into cash, and liabilities -depending on the urgency of payment; The second stage is calculating a number of company liquidity indicators [13]. The first group is Assets (A) Most liquid assets (A1).
Liquid balance if current assets exceed current liabilities. The actual level of liquidity and solvency of a company can be determined based on a balance sheet liquidity analysis. In the first stage of the analysis, a group of assets and liabilities are determined and compared in absolute terms [14]. The balance is liquid if the following conditions for the group's asset and liability ratios are met: Moreover, if the first three inequalities are met: A1 ≥ P1; A2 ≥ P2; A3 ≥ P3, i.e. current assets exceed short-term liabilities of the company, then the final gap must be met: A4 ≤ P4, which confirms that the company has its own working capital. All this means compliance with the minimum conditions for financial stability.

Enterprise Risk Management Methods
One of the main types of financial risk is the company's liquidity risk. Liquidity risk is characterized by two sides -price and quantity [15;16]. The price is determined by the price at which the asset can be sold and the liability received. And quantitativedepending on the availability of assets for sale, and liabilities are offered at any price. When assessing liquidity risk, the following are used: The liquidity risk assessment is divided into 4 zones: risk free zone, acceptable risk zone, critical risk zone and disaster zone. Risk free zone -characterized by high solvency. If the company has high solvency, it does not depend on creditors [10;17;18]. The assessment of liquidity risk depends on the type of liquidity position of the company. How the state of balance sheet liquidity can affect the liquidity risk assessment is seen in these twotable. 1

Risk Assessment Description
Minimal risk Ranged deviation 0 -0,3 Acceptable risks Deviation0,03 -0,6 High risk (critical) Deviation more than 0,6 Source: Research Results (processed data) Federal Law of the Russian Federation Used By LLC "SSK" Companies.
According to the federal law of the Russian Federation of February 9, 2007 N 16-FZ On transport security, transport infrastructure objects are distinguished, they include: technological complexes, including railways, trams, highways, stations, railway and bus stations, airports , objects of communication systems, navigation and traffic control of vehicles, etc.
Each unit has its own responsibilities. All employees are certified employees, eg. they are tested for compliance with the knowledge, skills and abilities of employees, as well as the level of physical training of certain categories of employees with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on transportation safety [13;19]. c) When conducting financial analysis, the bankruptcy commissioner, acting as a temporary administrator, uses the results of the annual inventory conducted by the debtor, as an external (bankruptcy) administrator -the results of the inventory, which he conducts when accepting the debtor's property, as an administrator -the results inventory carried out by the debtor during the financial recovery procedure, regardless of whether that took part in it.  One of the most common and well-known methods for assessing the environment is the SWOT method. According to the analytical method, the following characteristics should be considered: S (strength) -strength; W (weakness) -weakness; O (opportunity) -opportunity; T (threat) -threat. As part of the SWOT method, LLC "SSK" identifies and assesses its own strengths and weaknesses, and also determines the opportunities and threats that exist in the external environment. 2) inadequate quality of supervision of insurance companies; 3) unstable financial position of clients (individuals and legal entities).

Analysis of The Company's Financial and Economic Activities
The main factor that becomes a consideration in analyzing a company is its financial condition which focuses on the source of company financing and the ability to invest. Analysis of the company's financial condition is based on reporting. When analyzing financial conditions, great attention is paid to the composition and placement of the company's assets and liabilities. Analysis of LLC "SSK" assets for the past 3 years, based on this balance sheet, is presented in the table. 2.1. From the analysis above, you can see changes in the composition and structure of the company's balance sheet.
In 2019, the total volume of non-current assets of LLC SSK increased by 8,400 thousand rubles, and the volume of current assets also increased by 21,787 thousand rubles. compared to previous years. In 2018, the amount of receivables increased significantly compared to 2017, which was a negative change and could be caused by problems related to company service payments or the provision of active consumer loans to customers. However, this indicator fell by 36,813 thousand rubles. in 2019 which shows an increase in the quality of companies with receivables. The company's assets in 2018 increased significantly by 196,305 thousand rubles. compared to 2017 which shows an increase in the company's economic potential, and the 2019 balance sheet also increased by 30,187 thousand rubles. and in the amount of 234,633 thousand rubles. Changes in the dynamics of LLC "SSK" balance during the last 3 years is shown in Figure 2.1.
In Figure 2.1. shows that the dynamics of LLC "SSK" balance sheet has increased every year. The balance value increased in 2018 by 196,305 thousand rubles. and for 30,187 thousand rubles. In 2019, this increase shows that the company has a positive trend. In 2017, the book value of LLC SSK's equity capital was -2,804 thousand rubles, and in 2018 and 2019 it increased. The growth of this indicator during the 2017-2019 period shows an increase in the welfare of LLC "SSK" owners. The book value of equity capital LLC "SSK" was 11,892 thousand rubles at the end of 2019.

Liquidity Analysis and Corporate Risk Assessment
One of the most important criteria of a company's financial position is its solvency assessment, which is usually understood as a company's ability to meet its long-term obligations. As a result, solvent companies are companies that own more assets than their liabilities. A company's ability to pay its short-term obligations is called liquidity. In other words, a company is considered liquid if it is able to meet its short-term obligations by selling current assets. For analyzing data on assets and liabilities, LLC "SSK" is grouped according to the following criteria: 1) with a decrease in the level of liquidity (assets); 2) according to the urgency level of payment (payment of obligations).
A balance is considered truly liquid if it meets the following requirements: Which is A1 is the most liquid asset (cash and short-term financial investments); A2 -assets that can be realized quickly (receivables and other current assets); A3 -slow moving assets (inventory and VAT on value purchased); A4 -assets that are difficult to sell (non-current assets); P1 -most urgent obligations (accounts payable); P2 -short-term liabilities (short-term loan funds and other short-term liabilities); P3 -long term liabilities (long term liabilities); P4 -permanent liability (equity).
Data resulting from the calculation of the asset and liability grouping of LLC "SSK" according to the level of liquidity is presented in Table 2 During 2017-2018 LLC "SSK" balance was not fully liquid, because the absolute liquidity of the balance had not been fulfilled. In 2018 and 2019 only the first condition was not met, namely the most liquid assets did not include the most urgent liabilities. For a more visual representation, the main liquidity ratios are presented in Figure 2.2. It can be said that in general the main liquidity ratio of LLC "SSK" reached the recommended value, except for the current liquidity ratio. At the end of the period analyzed, namely in 2019 the fast and current liquidity ratio also decreased compared to previous years. The negative dynamics of the fast and current liquidity ratio in 2019 compared to 2018 shows that LLC "SSK" is not able to fully fulfill its obligations. The only reason for solvency and liquidity is the company's dependence on debt capital. Thus, it can be said that in general the analyzed financial condition of the companies is considered less stable and normal.
To assess balance sheet liquidity and solvency, the following basic liquidity ratios are used: general solvency ratio (KOP); own working capital (SOS); SOS maneuverability coefficient (KMSOS); Self-Funding Provision ratio (KOSS); equity and debt capital ratio (KS / Z); and the ratio of current and non-current assets (KOA / VA).

Economic Justification of Measures to Improve Corporate Liquidity and Risk Management
The analysis results show that the LLC "SSK" has a somewhat lower value than the current liquidity indicator. The level of the solvency indicator directly depends on the company's balance sheet structure, as well as the volume, direction and frequency of the company's cash flows. Based on this, the company's overall solvency can be affected by changing the structure of the balance sheet and, thus, the company's cash flow. Since the relative indicator of LLC "SSK" at the end of the analyzed period did not reach the recommended value, the most effective step to improve the company's financial condition is to optimize the balance sheet structure, which implies changes in all balance sheet items. The event was conducted using the balance sheet restructuring algorithm proposed by T.I. Makukha and V.V. Kulikova.
Depending on the situation in the company, each company chooses its own version of the restructured balance sheet. Based on the established liquidity conditions, LLC "SSK" offers direction to restructure the balance sheet in accordance with the second option to increase equity capital and reduce short-term liabilities, as well as reduce non-current assets and increase working capital. From the results of the probability analysis of LLC "SSK" bankruptcy using the two-factor Altman model, the value is smaller than 0 and smaller than the value in 2019 which indicates that the probability of bankruptcy is less than 50%. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the proposed measures will allow the LLC "SSK" to establish solvency indicators at the right level, determine the most optimal and effective reserves to increase the company's future solvency, draw up a plan for future company activities, as well as minimizing the possibility of bankruptcy for the company. Such estimates allow you to evaluate the effectiveness of certain management decisions before their implementation. In assessing from a short-term point of view the company's financial condition, liquidity and solvency indicators play an important role, in the most general form, namely indicators of whether the company is able to pay off short-term and long-term obligations to creditors in a timely and full manner. After studying the essence of liquidity in this final qualification work, we come to the general conclusion that company liquidity is the availability of assets in circulation in sufficient amount to pay back shortterm obligations arising during the course of activities, albeit in violation of the due date, agreed in the contract.
Limited Liability Company "SSK" is a transportation security division that has passed special accreditation and provides security services for transportation infrastructure. The group of companies has been successfully operating since 2011 and is actively expanding, expanding its horizons. Today, the "SSK" LLC group of companies has a stable network of branches and a presence in various regions of Russia. The company has 254 employees in 2019.
In this paper, the company analyzes the company "SSK", in particular the company's financial and economic activities. In the course of the research conducted, it turned out that the balance was not liquid, because several asset and liability ratios did not meet absolute liquidity conditions. Also the solvency ratio, i.e. the current liquidity ratio and the equity to debt capital ratio for 2019 are below the recommended values, but all other indicators are within the normal range. In order to "improve the balance", several proposals were put forward, in particular: a. increase the sales volume of company services, as well as reduce production costs; b. improve the efficiency of the use of working capital; c. improve the efficiency of company property management; d. increase in maximum profit due to the development of services provided.
Conclusion of work, we can say that liquidity is one of the most important indicators of the company's financial position. Based on this indicator, it is possible to draw conclusions about the development trends of the company, as well as correct the details at one time or another. In addition, a significant advantage of this analysis is the ability to display the probability of bankruptcy, which is very important for the company itself, as well as for corporate investors.